water quality pollution

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Pycnocline

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Pycnocline or thermocline

Density and thermal stratification: The intense heating caused by sunlight results in the formation of a light, warmer layer of water floating on top of a much larger mass of cold, dense water. Where these two bodies of dense water meet there is a zone of rapid change in the water temperature, called the thermocline or picnocline. Such a thermocline is a permanent feature of both tropical and temperature waters. When the surface water of temperature seas is warmed in the summer a further seasonal thermocline can develop much closer to the surface. This is much stronger feature than the permanent thermocline in temperature waters. This thermocline plays an important role in determining seasonal changes in marine primary production in temperature seas. Thermal stratification represents a physical barrier to the mixing of the water column. There is little or no exchange of nutrient through a thermocline.

The stratification phenomena is the existence of two homogeneous water layers and separated by a thin thermocline layer. In such a case, we can say that the water is stratified. There is no exchange of pollutants through this picnocline layer.

Example:

Calculation in both XY-plane (parallel to water surface) and XZ-plane (perpendicular to water surface). The fucshia square represents a point source (position of the outfall pipe). The red colour represents high pollutant concentrations. The effluent flow rate is 0,15 m^3/s, the current velocity is 0,04 m/s and the current angle is 45 (NE). The Stratified model has been used in the calculation. The fucshia square represents the vertical discharge source (outfall locations). We have a three-dimensional image of the pollutant plume with these two computer screens.

BOD pollution map produced by continuous discharge in this region. The stratified model has been used. Top: the orange horizontal line indicates us the position of the XZ-Plane. Bottom: the orange horizontal line indicates us the position of the XY-Plane and the blue horizontal line indicates us the position of the water surface plane. The fucshia square represents a point source (position of the outfall pipe). The red colour represents high pollutant concentrations. The violet horizontal line (bottom) indicates us the position of the pycnocline (or thermocline) layer plane. We can see that there is no exchange of pollutants through the pycnocline layer.

POLLUTANTS: Pollutants I - Pollutants II - The sea I - The sea II - Pycnocline

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pycnocline

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DESCAR: DESCAR: water pollution - Data I - Algorithms I - Pollutants I

SOLUTIONS: DESCAR: water pollution - Advantages - Price

INPUT DATA: Data I - Data II - Data III - Import - Commands - Graphs I - Graphs II

ALGORITHMS: Algorithms I - Algorithms II - Algorithms III - Algorithms IV - Algorithms V - Algorithms VI

POLLUTANTS: Pollutants I - Pollutants II - The sea I - The sea II - Pycnocline

DESCAR software solutions: This application has been used in great number of environmental reports, courses and water pollution studies in the last years. We currently have users in more than 10 countries.

Derbyshire - effluent discharge -

Dorset - industrial discharge - sewage sludge -

Northamptonshire - septic systems -

Durham - sewer map - sewer inspection - wastewater sewage -

Nottinghamshire - discharge water quality -

Cheshire - sewage discharge - sewage treatment discharge - marine sewage discharge -

Leicestershire - treatment of sewage -

West Sussex - discharge water - effluent sewage - sewage filter -

Warwickshire - sewage cleaning - sewage outfall -

Worcestershire - sewage water treatment -

East Sussex - sewage discharge -

Surrey - sewage supplies - water quality pollution

Hertfordshire - membrane discharge - septic discharge -

Buckinghamshire - sewer system - dade water and sewer - sewer systems -

Bedfordshire - septic contractors - water quality pollution

Aberdeen - rivers discharge - groundwater discharge - sewage pond -

Armagh - sewage water treatment plant - sewage aeration - sewage problems -

Bangor - sewage river - sewage plant - sewage tank - water quality pollution

Bath - sewage disinfection - soil discharge - sewage environment -

Belfast - sewer line - septic tank - septic tanks - water quality pollution

Birmingham - septic filters - wastewater treatment - wastewater -

Bradford - effluent - septic tank maintenance - waste disposal -

Brighton & Hove - septic system - waste removal - septic cleaners -

Bristol - sewage basement - sewage system - industry discharge -

Essex - surface modeling -

Shropshire - oil modeling - water quality pollution

Plymouth - environment modeling - effluent management and equipment modeling - effluent processing -

Portsmouth - effluent water quality - effluent oil - effluent and environment -

Preston - effluent standards - engineering modeling - filter modeling -

Ripon - sewage treatment plant effluent - effluent flow - effluent discharge -

Salford - domestic effluent - operation modeling - discharge modeling -

Salisbury - modeling methods - wastewater treatment plant effluent - gas modeling -

Sheffield - contamination modeling - modeling management - municipal effluent -

St Albans - epa effluent - technology modeling - treatment of effluent -

Lancashire - production modeling -

Oxfordshire - wastewater treatment -

Derbyshire - reverse osmosis and desalination - sewage water treatment -

Northamptonshire - water purification -

Durham - effluent treatment

Nottinghamshire - mbr wastewater - standard methods for examination of water and wastewater -

Cheshire - effluent tank - effluent river - effluent sludge -

Leicestershire - waste water systems - waste water disposal -

West Sussex - wastewater training - wastewater technology - waste water system -

Warwickshire - wastewater treatments - waste water association - wastewater operator certification -

Worcestershire - municipal wastewater - wastewater process -

East Sussex - waste water treatment systems - onsite wastewater treatment -

Surrey - standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater - wastewater engineering - wastewater systems -

Hertfordshire - wastewater treatment design -

Buckinghamshire - wastewater reclamation - treatment of wastewater -

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